## Overview A carpal hygroma is a fluid-filled subcutaneous swelling on the dorsal aspect of the carpus, usually acquired after repeated trauma. It is distinct from effusion of the carpal joints or the carpal sheath. True carpal sheath swelling (tenosynovitis) produces a more proximal and palmar swelling and may be associated with lameness when internal structures are injured. ## Causes Repetitive contusion from lying on hard surfaces or hitting the knee produces hygromas. Carpal sheath effusion results from synovitis, tendon injury, or trauma within the sheath. ## Diagnosis Location and ballotability distinguish a hygroma from joint or sheath effusion. Ultrasound confirms the subcutaneous nature of a hygroma and evaluates the carpal sheath contents when swelling is more proximal. ## Treatment Hygromas are managed by protecting the area from further trauma; drainage and injection are sometimes performed but recurrence is common. Carpal sheath tenosynovitis is treated according to the underlying cause (rest, injections, or surgery). ## Recovery and Prognosis Uncomplicated hygromas are cosmetic. Sheath swellings associated with tendon injury have a more variable prognosis. ## Prevention Adequate bedding and knee boots reduce hygroma formation.
soft fluctuant swelling on the front of the carpus (hygroma) or proximal palmar swelling (sheath); variable lameness
## Overview A carpal hygroma is a fluid-filled subcutaneous swelling on the dorsal aspect of the carpus, usually acquired after repeated trauma. It is distinct from effusion of the carpal joints or the carpal sheath. True carpal sheath swelling (tenosynovitis) produces a more proximal and palmar swelling and may be associated with lameness when internal structures are injured. ## Causes Repetitive contusion from lying on hard surfaces or hitting the knee produces hygromas. Carpal sheath effusion results from synovitis, tendon injury, or trauma within the sheath. ## Diagnosis Location and ballotability distinguish a hygroma from joint or sheath effusion. Ultrasound confirms the subcutaneous nature of a hygroma and evaluates the carpal sheath contents when swelling is more proximal. ## Treatment Hygromas are managed by protecting the area from further trauma; drainage and injection are sometimes performed but recurrence is common. Carpal sheath tenosynovitis is treated according to the underlying cause (rest, injections, or surgery). ## Recovery and Prognosis Uncomplicated hygromas are cosmetic. Sheath swellings associated with tendon injury have a more variable prognosis. ## Prevention Adequate bedding and knee boots reduce hygroma formation.
soft fluctuant swelling on the front of the carpus (hygroma) or proximal palmar swelling (sheath); variable lameness