## Overview Facet joint arthritis at C4 affects the articular processes around the fourth cervical vertebra. Like other mid-to-caudal cervical joints, it can produce stiffness, resistance to bending, and, when osteophytes are large, nerve-root irritation. Clinical signs must be correlated with imaging because radiographic osteoarthritis is common in asymptomatic horses. ## Causes Chronic repetitive loading and occasional trauma lead to cartilage degeneration and new bone formation. ## Diagnosis Neck mobility assessment, radiographs, ultrasound, and sometimes scintigraphy. Positive response to intra-articular analgesia confirms the joint as a pain source. ## Treatment Ultrasound-guided injection of corticosteroids, systemic anti-inflammatories, and rehabilitation exercises. ## Recovery and Prognosis Good for return to work in most cases after injection, although repeat treatment may be required. ## Prevention General management of training load and early treatment of neck discomfort.
mid-cervical stiffness; reduced range of motion; possible referred forelimb signs; osteophytes on imaging at C4
## Overview Facet joint arthritis at C4 affects the articular processes around the fourth cervical vertebra. Like other mid-to-caudal cervical joints, it can produce stiffness, resistance to bending, and, when osteophytes are large, nerve-root irritation. Clinical signs must be correlated with imaging because radiographic osteoarthritis is common in asymptomatic horses. ## Causes Chronic repetitive loading and occasional trauma lead to cartilage degeneration and new bone formation. ## Diagnosis Neck mobility assessment, radiographs, ultrasound, and sometimes scintigraphy. Positive response to intra-articular analgesia confirms the joint as a pain source. ## Treatment Ultrasound-guided injection of corticosteroids, systemic anti-inflammatories, and rehabilitation exercises. ## Recovery and Prognosis Good for return to work in most cases after injection, although repeat treatment may be required. ## Prevention General management of training load and early treatment of neck discomfort.
mid-cervical stiffness; reduced range of motion; possible referred forelimb signs; osteophytes on imaging at C4