## Overview Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is characterized by insulin dysregulation, regional or generalized adiposity, and a high risk of laminitis. Affected horses often have a cresty neck and fat pads. It is common in certain breeds and can occur in both obese and lean phenotypes. ## Causes Genetic predisposition plus environmental factors (diet high in non-structural carbohydrates, obesity) leading to insulin dysregulation. ## Diagnosis Clinical appearance plus dynamic tests of insulin response (oral sugar test or similar). Resting insulin may be elevated. ## Treatment Diet low in non-structural carbohydrates, controlled exercise, and weight management. Medications that improve insulin sensitivity are used in some cases. Laminitis is treated supportively. ## Recovery and Prognosis Good for metabolic control with strict management. Laminitis episodes determine long-term soundness. ## Prevention Maintain lean body condition and limit high-sugar feeds, especially in predisposed breeds.
cresty neck; regional fat pads; obesity or difficulty losing weight; recurrent laminitis; divergent hoof rings
## Overview Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is characterized by insulin dysregulation, regional or generalized adiposity, and a high risk of laminitis. Affected horses often have a cresty neck and fat pads. It is common in certain breeds and can occur in both obese and lean phenotypes. ## Causes Genetic predisposition plus environmental factors (diet high in non-structural carbohydrates, obesity) leading to insulin dysregulation. ## Diagnosis Clinical appearance plus dynamic tests of insulin response (oral sugar test or similar). Resting insulin may be elevated. ## Treatment Diet low in non-structural carbohydrates, controlled exercise, and weight management. Medications that improve insulin sensitivity are used in some cases. Laminitis is treated supportively. ## Recovery and Prognosis Good for metabolic control with strict management. Laminitis episodes determine long-term soundness. ## Prevention Maintain lean body condition and limit high-sugar feeds, especially in predisposed breeds.
cresty neck; regional fat pads; obesity or difficulty losing weight; recurrent laminitis; divergent hoof rings