## Overview 4-BAD is the acronym for fourth branchial arch defect, a congenital laryngeal dysplasia. Characteristic endoscopic findings include reduced arytenoid movement and rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch. Clinical signs range from mild noise to dysphagia and exercise intolerance. ## Causes Embryologic malformation of fourth (and sometimes sixth) branchial arch derivatives. ## Diagnosis Endoscopy and advanced imaging of the larynx. ## Treatment Individualized. Some cases are monitored; others undergo surgical procedures aimed at improving airway function. ## Recovery and Prognosis Depends on the extent of the malformation. ## Prevention None.
dysphagia; abnormal respiratory noise from birth; arytenoid collapse; rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch
## Overview 4-BAD is the acronym for fourth branchial arch defect, a congenital laryngeal dysplasia. Characteristic endoscopic findings include reduced arytenoid movement and rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch. Clinical signs range from mild noise to dysphagia and exercise intolerance. ## Causes Embryologic malformation of fourth (and sometimes sixth) branchial arch derivatives. ## Diagnosis Endoscopy and advanced imaging of the larynx. ## Treatment Individualized. Some cases are monitored; others undergo surgical procedures aimed at improving airway function. ## Recovery and Prognosis Depends on the extent of the malformation. ## Prevention None.
dysphagia; abnormal respiratory noise from birth; arytenoid collapse; rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch